The John Batchelor Show

PREVIEW John Hardie discusses how poor weather, including fog, rain, snow, and cold, fundamentally impacts military operations around Papovsk and the Donbass. Poor weather is often a boon to Russians, as they time assaults during rain and fog to impede Ukrainian aerial reconnaissance and drone operations. However, the subsequent loss of foliage in deep winter provides less concealment for Russian forces, making conditions tougher for them due to Ukrainian aerial reconnaissance capabilities. Guest: John Hardie. BLACK SEA FLEET

PREVIEW Ahmad Sharawi explores current Russian interests in Syria, noting that Russia previously assisted Assad in brutalizing the Syrian people. Recent discussions included defense agreements, military ties, and the status of two Russian bases in Western Syria. While Syria tries to balance world powers, the guest expresses concern because the Syrian people are domestically unhappy with a close relationship with Russia due to past atrocities. Guest: Ahmad Sharawi. ALEPPO

PREVIEW Anne Stevenson-Yang focuses on the decline of China's economic miracle, which was fueled by borrowing and falsehoods and is potentially headed toward japanification or worse. The idea that China was continuously rising and overtaking the United States is now largely disregarded. Although some asset investors hold hope that Asia, specifically China, will provide yield, few believe the downturn is temporary. Guest: Anne Stevenson-Yang. 1918 PEKING

PREVIEW Janatyn Sayeh highlights the severe, unacceptable air quality and pollution crisis in Tehran, where she grew up. The pollution is described as poison, with carbon dioxide levels reported to be ten times higher than the World Health Organization's recommended average. The pollution is so severe that schools are sometimes shut down during winter, and residents constantly smell and ingest the high carbon dioxide levels. Guest: Janatyn Sayeh. 18TH CENTURY TEHRAN

PREVIEW Kelly Curry discusses the chain of poison where China is the driver and controller of dangerous drug production out of Myanmar. China supplies precursors but demands the resulting methamphetamines be diverted away from China, flooding markets across Asia and reaching North and South America. China continues to abet this trade because the chemical makers are a source of revenue. Future co-production and transmission of methods between Chinese-backed drug groups and Mexican cartels is anticipated. Guest: Kelly Curry. 1922

PREVIEW Professor Barry Strauss discusses the Bar Kokhba Revolt, which occurred in the 130s to 140s, long after the Temple fell in 70 AD. The main thing motivating the revolt was the Roman declaration that the Temple would never be rebuilt and that Jerusalem would never again be a Jewish capital. Rome maintained its vast empire through brutal intimidation. While the Romans were brutal, the sources suggest the Jews were not intimidated, though there was some disagreement among rabbis about the usefulness of the revolts. Guest: Professor Barry Strauss. 1698 JERUSALEM

Londinium 91 AD: The Aging Emperor's Urgency. Gaius and Germanicus discuss the physical and mental state of emperor Trump, noting his senior age and frantic, restless pace as potentially signs of an aging brain or alternatively adrenaline and confidence. Germanicus believes the emperor is acutely self-aware of his limited time, driven by tremendous brutal urgency to secure a lasting legacy including fiscal stability, border control, and eliminating principles like DEI. However, the stress of this frantic pace combined with age could cloud his judgment, making him more impulsive or desperate. The emperor's focus on revenge cycles, such as indicting former directors, is typical of historical emperors against their enemies. Germanicus worries this could lead to physical decline and reckless action. A critical marker of a republic's collapse into an emperor system is when the incoming president pursues and imprisons his predecessor, an easy push into civil war seen in places like Brazil. They conclude the transition is quietly happening, with the question of whether the U.S. will experience violence remaining unknown. 81 BCE SULLA Retry

Londinium 91 AD: Corruption and the Imperial Slip. Gaius and Germanicus shift attention to Washington, observing that wealth has grown more powerful than government in the U.S., similar to Rome's path into empire. Evidence includes Washington insiders like Rudy Giuliani and Hunter Biden allegedly operating on payrolls of corrupt foreign interests such as the Democratic Republic of Congo. Republicans typically avoid registering foreign work under the Foreign Agents Registration Act by using cutouts or undocumented money, while Democrats use think tanks during interregnums, making the process so transparent it suggests everybody's in on the game. Insiders are even willing to work for adversaries like sanctioned Russian arms makers or the Taliban under the justification of private diplomacy. Germanicusanalyzes this decline through three vantages: the Gilded Age, where corporations owned government but lacked today's foreign entanglement; foreign penetration, where adversaries and allies like Israel, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia have enormous leverage; and irreconcilable ideological conflict, where corruption fuels severe ideological struggle tearing away the rule of law. They conclude that the transition into an emperor system is subtle and happens without notice, weakening the system when corruption damages trust. SULLA

Londinium 91 AD: The Debate Over Venezuela. Gaius and Germanicus of the Friends Mystery Debating Society discuss at a cold wine bar by the choppy Thames the potential decision by emperor Trump to invade Venezuela, noting the presence of a sizable, powerful military force gathered deliberately off its shores. Germanicus argues that American engagement in the Caribbean is a deep-rooted tradition dating back to the Monroe Doctrine, with the current military buildup serving as a symbolic initiative signaling to powers like China and Russia that the U.S. is reasserting influence in its accepted sphere. However, he cautions there are huge risks because the U.S. military's connection to strategic realities has declined massively, with capabilities depleted partly due to the war in Ukraine. U.S. history of warfare since Korea is marked by poor net assessment, where planners privilege desires over reality. Maduro has reportedly offered tribute of 300 million barrels of oil, suggesting the conflict is currently an aggressively conducted negotiation dependent heavily on Venezuelan armed forces loyalty. The emperor faces pressure to achieve a consolation prize if he chooses not to invade to avoid looking weak, leaving the outcome undecided. 80 BCE. SULLA

Legacy, Loyalty, and the Nationalist Leader.Joseph TurigianJoseph Turigian 1908 zpeking

Princlings, Grassroots, and the Politics of Restoration. Joseph Turigian discusses how Xi Jinping gained entry to Qinghua University based on political reliability rather than merit in 1975, although his father remained un-rehabilitated. While princlings were generally unpopular, Xi Jinping made the atypical choice to climb the ranks from the grassroots. Xi Zhongxun's full rehabilitation was slow and politically sensitive because Mao himself had persecuted him. Xi Jinping served as secretary to a powerful military leader and skillfully used public relations to raise his profile. Xi Jinping married famous singer Peng Liyuan, bonding over their shared suffering during the Cultural Revolution. Guest: Joseph Turigian. 1906

Xi Jinping's Exile and Family Betrayal. Joseph Turigian describes how political torment extended to Xi Zhongxun's family, forcing Xi Jinping's mother to denounce her teenage son when he fled incarceration, a difficult moral judgment made to protect the remaining siblings. During the Cultural Revolution, Xi Jinping was exiled to the countryside near Yanan, a sacred site of Chinese Communist Party history. This mass "sending down" of youth was intended to toughen them up and instill revolutionary spirit, becoming a deeply formative experience for Xi Jinping. Xi Zhongxun spent years in prison writing unanswered, plaintive letters seeking relief and reconsideration from the leadership. Guest: Joseph Turigian. 906 PEKING

The Purge by a Novel and Mao's Fear of Revisionism. Joseph Turigian explains that Xi Zhongxun's 1962 downfall stemmed from supporting the publication of a fictionalized biography of his deceased mentor, Liu Zhidan. Mao Zedong saw the novel as a counter-revolutionary plot and a manifestation of revisionism, fearing that others would claim credit for leading the revolution. Mao aimed to transform persecuted individuals through humiliation and torment, unlike Stalinist purges, which emphasized execution. Xi Zhongxun was brutally kidnapped by Red Guards in 1967 and subjected to struggle sessions as Mao sought to continuously "rebaptize" the party in revolutionary spirit. Guest: Joseph Turigian. 2906 PEKING NORTH

Xi Zhongxun's Radical Youth and Peasant Roots. Joseph Turigian introduces Xi Zhongxun's biography, emphasizing the Confucian view that a father explains the son. Xi Zhongxun was born into a poor peasant family in Shaanxi province in 1913, an area marked by violence and poverty. At age 15, he poisoned a school administrator on orders from the local Communist Party, leading to his imprisonment, where he formally joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1928, an early mark of prestige. Xi was motivated by radicalism and a belief that only force could save China. Guest: Joseph Turigian. 1906

Loyalty, Loss, and the Shadow of Mao. Joseph Turigian focuses on Mao's famous phrase about Xi Zhongxun, emphasizing his unwavering loyalty despite repeated suffering at the party's hands. Following the 1949 victory, Xi moved to Beijing, where his son Xi Jinping was born. Xi Zhongxun held complicated views of Mao, feeling gratitude for his survival but recognizing Mao's transformation into a disastrous dictator post-1957. The segment discusses Xi's 1962 purge, which foreshadowed the Cultural Revolution, and his subsequent imprisonment from 1967 to 1975, experiencing persecution earlier than most high-ranking comrades. Guest: Joseph Turigian. 1906

Mao, Purges, and Ideological Jargon. Joseph Turigian explores Mao Zedong's description of Xi Zhongxun: "The Party Interests Come First." The segment recounts Xi Zhongxun's detention in 1935, nearly facing execution before Mao's Long Marchers arrived. The discussion clarifies the legend that Mao personally saved him versus the complex facts of his eventual release and incomplete rehabilitation. Turigian defines confusing Chinese Communist Party jargon, explaining "leftist" as too ambitious and "rightist" as not serious enough about revolution. It concludes by detailing Mao's development of Marxism through sinicization. Guest: Joseph Turigian. 1901

Revolutionary Loyalty and Early Family Tensions. Joseph Turigian discusses the life of Xi Zhongxun, a devoted but persecuted revolutionary communist, emphasizing his deep loyalty to the party, reminiscent of Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon. The segment explores the revolutionary mindset where personal suffering proves dedication to a world-historical force. It also details Xi Zhongxun's compelling first marriage to Ha Minghu, a tough peasant revolutionary who struggled to balance motherhood and the demands of the early, male-dominated Chinese Communist Party. Guest: Joseph Turigian. 1899

Starship and Super Heavy: The Fully Reusable Mars Vehicle.Eric BergerEric Berger Retry

Crew Dragon and Commercial Human Spaceflight. Eric Berger discusses NASA's Commercial Crew Program, initiated after the Space Shuttle retired. Boeing's entry legitimized the program, securing crucial congressional funding for competitors like SpaceX. SpaceX adapted the Dragon design for crew, involving extensive parachute testing by the "Shoot Show" team in the desert and ultimately agreeing to water landings for astronaut safety. Crew Dragon launched atop the Falcon 9 Block 5, the modern rocket iteration optimized for rapid reuse, emphasizing that reusability remained the central focus, even for human spaceflight. Guest: Eric Berger.

Starlink: Funding the Mars Vision through LEO Constellations. Eric Berger discusses Starlink, a constellation of Low Earth Orbit satellites designed to fund Musk's Mars vision. While the idea wasn't new, deploying thousands of satellites for global internet was previously viewed as impractical due to manufacturing and launch rate limitations. Starlink, now highly successful with about 7,000 operational satellites, minimizes lag compared to geostationary systems like Iridium. This revenue stream is critical to supporting the company's goals, although the work environment demands extreme dedication from employees who often sacrifice personal lives. Guest: Eric Berger.